It depends on the underlying cause and severity of problem.
- Ovulation induction medication may be prescribed. If applicable, tubal patency testing may be required.
- If the sperm concentration is low, medication may be prescribed to enhance sperm production. The couple may try for artificial insemination (IUI) if sperm counts are acceptable.
- If the sperm is profoundly poor or the tubes are block, ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology) treatment may be required such as in-vitro Fertilization (IVF) or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI).
- In the case of zero sperm count (azoospermia), MESA (microepididymal sperm aspiration) or TESE (testicular sperm extraction) may be required depending on the classification of azoospermia.
- If there is presence of endometriosis or cysts or fibroids, laparoscopic surgery may be required.
- The couples may resort to acquiring eggs through gamete donation (egg or sperm donation) if the female partner’s eggs fail to fertilise or create embryos that cannot sustain an ongoing pregnancy, ovarian failure due to chemotherapy , premature ovarian failure; or if the male partner’s is azoospermia. Gamete donation is also an option for couple who have high risk of passing on a serious genetic condition to their children. (for non-muslim only)
